![]() “Before the pandemic, if we had 150,000 for that number say in 2019, that would be really big,” McLaughlin said. “Not only is 528,000 a big number in the context of the last few months, it’s a blockbuster number compared to what we would have pre-pandemic,” Kenneth McLaughlin, economics professor at Hunter College in New York City, told Al Jazeera. The unemployment rate and total nonfarm employment both reached their pre-pandemic levels of February 2020. #Muzzle meaning professionalLeisure and hospitality, professional and business services, and healthcare saw the most job growth overall. US employers added 528,000 jobs in July, blowing past all estimates, and the unemployment rate edged down to 3.5 percent, the US Bureau of Labor Statistics said Friday. But even with cross tabs, you’re talking about millions of comments.Red-hot US jobs data for July may have calmed concerns about a recession but it also raised the risk of another 75 basis point increase from the Federal Reserve in September. “Obviously, you might be able to do cross tabs by hand. “We use a standard statistical package that takes each word and maps it into a 100 dimension space,” he explains. They found words translated from Fox News English to comedian English were 75% similar, while words translated from CNN English to comedian English were 83% similar.ĭoing the same analysis by hand would be impossible, says Kamlet. The researchers also compared the comments of viewers of CNN, Fox News, and MSNBC with more than 4 million comments by viewers of late night comedians Trevor Noah, Seth Meyers, Stephen Colbert, Jimmy Kimmel, and John Oliver. In addition to detecting these misaligned pairs, the method also calculates the degree of similarity between the “languages.” In a four-way analysis of CNN, MSNBC, Fox News, and OANN, words translated from MSNBC English to CNN English had a 63% similarity, while words translated from MSNBC English to OANN English had just a 42% similarity. But if you know that ‘mask’ translates into ‘muzzle,’ you immediately know a debate is going on surrounding freedom of speech and mask use.” “You don’t have to read millions of comments. “We think our method is powerful because it’s efficient,” KhudaBukhsh says. #Muzzle meaning softwareThe software completes the analysis automatically, without human intervention. To perform their analysis, the researchers used a data set of 86.6 million comments by 6.5 million users to more than 200,000 news videos from CNN, Fox News, MSNBC, and One America News Network (OANN). The goal was to find different English words that are used in the same context by people speaking different news languages.įor instance, a conservative might say “Democrats are the greatest threat to America today,” while liberals might say “Republicans are the greatest threat to America today.” Democrats and Republicans are used in the same context, making them misaligned pairs and an indication of political polarization. The idea behind the new research was to use the same method to analyze the polarization of social media, says Ashiqur KhudaBukhsh, a project scientist in the School of Computer Science’s Language Technologies Institute. “Hello” in English and “hola” in Spanish are identical greetings and, thus, appear in the same context in different languages. Modern machine translation methods determine the meaning of a word based in large part on context-the other words that it usually appears closest to in texts. It gives you a sense of the really tragic polarization that exists today.”Ī paper on the findings has been submitted to a computer science conference and is available on arXiv. “But it’s surprising how different some of them are. Kamlet, professor of economics and public policy at Carnegie Mellon University. “Some of these so-called misaligned pairs seem pretty obvious,” says Mark S. Even more extreme, some right-wing news viewers use “BLM” in the same context as left-wing news viewers use “KKK” (Ku Klux Klan). “ Black Lives Matter” (BLM) in CNN English is equivalent to “All Lives Matter” in Fox News English. For one, it’s a “mask,” to another, a “muzzle.” In the United States, even the meanings of some words are now polarized, research finds.Įveryone is speaking English, say the scientists, but computer analysis of social media discussions shows viewers of different news channels are, in a sense, speaking different languages.īased on millions of user comments on the YouTube channels for four leading cable news outlets, it seems that viewers of right-wing outlets think of “Burisma,” in the same way that their left-wing counterparts think of “Kushner.” A “protest” to one set of viewers is a “riot” to another. ![]()
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